On June 1, 2025, Israeli forces opened fire on Palestinians gathered at U.S.-backed aid distribution sites in southern and central Gaza, resulting in the deaths of at least 36 individuals—35 in Rafah and one near the Netzarim Corridor. These incidents occurred as Hamas sought amendments to a U.S.-proposed ceasefire deal, which the group's leadership deemed inadequate. The U.S. Special Envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, dismissed Hamas's response as "unacceptable," emphasizing that the proposal was intended as a foundation for proximity talks aimed at securing a 60-day ceasefire. 

Hamas's demands include a permanent ceasefire, complete Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, and assurances for uninterrupted humanitarian aid—conditions not encompassed in the current proposal. The group remains steadfast in its position, citing the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where the United Nations has reported that the entire population is at risk of famine.