On June 4, 2025, President Donald Trump initiated an investigation into former President Joe Biden's cognitive health, alleging that Biden's aides concealed his mental decline and used an autopen to sign official documents without his direct involvement. Trump's executive order directs Attorney General Pam Bondi and White House counsel David Warrington to lead the inquiry, aiming to determine the legitimacy of Biden's executive actions, including pardons and policy directives. The investigation focuses on whether these decisions were made without Biden's full awareness or were improperly executed using the autopen, a device that mechanically replicates a signature.

The use of the autopen has been a standard practice for presidents, with a 2005 Justice Department opinion affirming its constitutionality when authorized by the president. However, Trump contends that its use during Biden's presidency may have been part of a broader effort to mask his cognitive decline. The House Oversight Committee, led by Republican Rep. James Comer, has also summoned five of Biden's top aides to testify about Biden's mental and physical faculties. Biden has denied these allegations, asserting that he made all decisions during his presidency.

This investigation marks a significant escalation in political tensions, with critics viewing it as an attempt to undermine Biden's legacy and legitimacy.