The space race is changing. Instead of just landing on the Moon, countries now want to build permanent bases. Power is the key to making this possible.

In 2025, China announced plans to set up a nuclear power plant on the Moon by 2035. Soon after, NASA said it aims to have its own reactor running by 2030. These small reactors could provide long-lasting power for lunar bases, mining, and future missions to Mars.

Nuclear power in space is not new. Since the 1960s, the U.S. and Russia have used small nuclear generators on satellites and rovers. International law does not ban nuclear power in space, but it requires safety, transparency, and cooperation.

The first country to place a reactor on the Moon could set the rules for how others operate there. This is especially important in areas like the lunar south pole, which holds ice that can be turned into water or rocket fuel.

While critics worry about safety, experts say reactors are needed because solar power cannot work everywhere on the Moon. Building them safely and openly will be vital for peaceful space exploration.